What is happening. ACE inhibitors are associated with a dry cough thought to involve bradykinin and substance P accumulation. Small studies suggest oral or intravenous iron may reduce ACE-inhibitor-induced cough, possibly via inhibition of nitric oxide synthase. While not harmful, this interaction is generally minor; the more practical concern is that iron salts and other supplements should be spaced from medications to avoid theoretical reductions in absorption.
Mechanism. Iron may attenuate ACE-inhibitor-related cough by inhibiting nitric oxide synthase, reducing nitric oxide and bradykinin-mediated airway sensitivity; separately, polyvalent iron cations can chelate or bind co-ingested drugs and reduce their absorption.
Recommendation. No routine avoidance is needed. If taking iron for anemia, separate iron dosing from perindopril by about 2 hours as a general practice to minimize any absorption interference. Do not start iron specifically to treat ACE-inhibitor cough without clinician advice; persistent cough should be discussed with a prescriber, as switching agents is the standard approach.