Show your sourcesStrong evidenceReviewed May 2026

Creatine increases lean body mass and strength, the receipts.

One of the most reproducible findings in sports nutrition: about 1 to 2 kg lean mass and meaningful strength gains over 4 to 12 weeks when paired with resistance training.

Strong evidence, per the methodology. Strongest 5 studies linked to PubMed.
Recommendation, contrary evidence, and dose are all on this page.

The studies·Contrary evidence·Recommendation

The studies

Strongest evidence, sourced.

Sorted by study tier (meta-analyses first, then RCTs, then reviews) and recency. Every entry links to PubMed by PMID.

At a glance

Substances
Creatine, Creatine Monohydrate
Evidence tier
Strong evidence
Strongest studies surfaced
5 of 5 matching
One-line verdict
Strongest evidence base of any performance supplement.
Last verified
May 30, 2026

Top 5 studies

  1. Meta-analysis Prokopidis K, Giannos P, Triantafyllidis KK et al., Nutrition Reviews 2023

    Effects of creatine supplementation on memory in healthy individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PMID 35984306

    Creatine enhances memory performance, especially in older adults

  2. Review Kreider RB et al., J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2017

    International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine PMID 28615996

    Short and long-term supplementation (up to 30 g/day for 5 years) is safe and well-tolerated; creatine can improve exercise performance and may have neuroprotective benefits.

  3. Meta-analysis Burke R et al., J Strength Cond Res 2024

    The Effect of Creatine Supplementation on Resistance Training-Based Changes to Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis PMID 39074168

    Creatine plus resistance training increased lean body mass by 1.14 kg and reduced body fat percentage by 0.88% versus resistance training alone.

  4. Meta-analysis Delpino FM, Figueiredo LM, Forbes SC et al., Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) 2022

    Influence of age, sex, and type of exercise on the efficacy of creatine supplementation on lean body mass: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials PMID 35986981

  5. Meta-analysis Jiaming Y, Rahimi MH, Journal of food biochemistry 2021

    Creatine supplementation effect on recovery following exercise-induced muscle damage: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials PMID 34472118

Contrary evidence

What pushes back.

Caveats, null findings, and methodological limits that hold the tier where it is.

What argues against the claim

  • Without resistance training, gains are minimal.
  • Some individuals are non-responders (low baseline muscle creatine saturation).

Recommendation

What the evidence supports.

What we recommend, with caveats

3 to 5 g creatine monohydrate daily, every day. Timing does not matter. No loading phase needed. Plain monohydrate; ignore the proprietary forms.

Tier criteria are documented at /methodology/evidence-tiers. Sourcing standards at /methodology/interactions.

Stack interaction risks

Where these substances clash.

Documented pairings involving the substances behind this claim. Cautions and conflicts come first.

Pairs in the database

Open the free interaction checker at /interactions to scan a full routine.

Goal hubs

Where this claim feeds in.

Goal-based hubs that index this claim alongside related supplements and protocols.

Related goal hubs

Before you go

One claim, opened up. NutriStack does this for every claim in the database.

The full library lives at /research. Every entry follows the same shape: the verdict, the studies, the contrary evidence, the recommendation, and the primary literature.

NutriStack is an informational and organizational tool, not a medical service, and not a substitute for professional advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting, stopping, or changing any supplement or medication.