Supplement / Other
Activated Charcoal
Highly porous carbon used for acute toxin binding and occasional digestive support.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Adsorbent
NutriStack Research/281 profiles·12 categories·2879 sources
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Browse 281 evidence-graded supplement and substance profiles. Filter by name or category, or open any profile for the full dossier.
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Other
71Substance safety / Other
Alcohol
Alcohol is not supported by NutriStack. Safety information only.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Depressant
Supplement / Other
Alpha-GPC
Highly bioavailable choline source that rapidly crosses the blood-brain barrier. Enhances acetylcholine production for memory, focus, and athletic power output.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Nootropic
Supplement / Other
AOD-9604
Synthetic fragment of human growth hormone marketed for fat-loss claims. FDA flags limited safety information, immunogenicity/impurity concerns
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Human Growth Hormone Fragment (not FDA-approved)
Supplement / Other
Apigenin
A calming flavonoid found in chamomile. Popularized by neuroscientist Andrew Huberman as a sleep aid. Also has anti-cancer and neuroprotective research.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Flavonoid
Supplement / Other
Bee Pollen
Nutrient-dense bee-collected pollen product; clinical benefits are not well established and allergic reactions can be serious.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Bee Product
Supplement / Other
Beetroot Extract (Dietary Nitrate)
Beetroot extract provides dietary nitrate that can raise nitric oxide availability and modestly lower blood pressure.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Dietary nitrate nitric-oxide precursor
Supplement / Other
Beta-Carotene
Orange carotenoid that converts to vitamin A as needed, safer than preformed retinol.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Carotenoid
Supplement / Other
Beta-Glucan
Beta-glucans are glucose polysaccharides from yeast, oats, barley, mushrooms, and fungi with different structures and effects.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Immune-modulating polysaccharide and soluble fiber
Supplement / Other
Beta-Sitosterol
Beta-sitosterol is a plant sterol found in vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, legumes, and BPH phytotherapy extracts.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Plant sterol for urinary symptoms and cholesterol absorption
Supplement / Other
Betaine HCL
Supplemental hydrochloric acid for people with low stomach acid (hypochlorhydria).
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Digestive Support
Supplement / Other
BPC-157
Synthetic pentadecapeptide marketed for tissue-repair claims. Current human evidence is extremely limited
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Research Peptide (not FDA-approved)
Supplement / Other
Bromelain
Proteolytic enzyme from pineapple with anti-inflammatory and digestive benefits.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Proteolytic Enzyme
Supplement / Other
Caffeine
Caffeine is a well-studied stimulant and ergogenic aid that improves alertness, vigilance, endurance, power, and perceived exertion in many settings.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Adenosine receptor antagonist stimulant
Supplement / Other
Calcium Alpha-Ketoglutarate
Calcium alpha-ketoglutarate is a calcium salt of alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG), a central intermediate of the Krebs (TCA) cycle that links carbon, nitrogen, and energy metabolism.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Longevity / Metabolic Intermediate
Substance safety / Other
Cannabis (THC-Dominant)
Cannabis (THC-dominant) is not supported by NutriStack. Safety information only.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Cannabinoid
Supplement / Other
Chlorella
Single-celled green algae known for heavy metal chelation and nutrient density.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Green Algae
Supplement / Other
Chondroitin
Glycosaminoglycan found in cartilage, often paired with glucosamine.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Joint Support Compound
Supplement / Other
Citicoline
Premium choline source that provides both choline (for acetylcholine synthesis) and cytidine (converts to uridine for brain phospholipid synthesis). Superior nootropic to basic choline.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Nootropic
Supplement / Other
CJC-1295
Synthetic long-acting GHRH analog studied in healthy adults for GH/IGF-1 stimulation. It is not an FDA-approved wellness therapy, and FDA flags serious adverse events and limited clinical data.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Analog (not FDA-approved)
Substance safety / Other
Cocaine
Cocaine is not supported by NutriStack. Safety information only.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Stimulant
Supplement / Other
Coenzyme Q10 Ubiquinol
The reduced, active antioxidant form of CoQ10, 3-8x better absorbed than ubiquinone.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Active CoQ10 Form
Supplement / Other
Colostrum
First milk containing concentrated immunoglobulins, growth factors, and lactoferrin.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Immune Protein Complex
Supplement / Other
D-Mannose
Natural sugar that prevents UTI-causing bacteria from adhering to urinary tract walls.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Simple Sugar
Supplement / Other
DIM
Compound from cruciferous vegetables studied for estrogen metabolite patterns. It is not a stand-alone hormone therapy and has important drug-interaction and hormone-sensitive cancer cautions.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Cruciferous Compound
Supplement / Other
Ecdysterone
Ecdysterone is a plant and insect steroid-like compound marketed for strength and lean mass gains.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Phytoecdysteroid anabolic-signaling compound
Supplement / Other
Elderberry Zinc Lozenges
Popular cold-fighting combination of zinc and elderberry for acute immune support.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Combination Supplement
Supplement / Other
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS)
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are short-chain fructan prebiotics naturally found in foods such as onion, garlic, and chicory.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Short-chain prebiotic fructan fiber
Supplement / Other
Galactooligosaccharides (GOS)
Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are prebiotic oligosaccharides commonly produced from lactose and used to increase bifidobacteria.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Milk-derived prebiotic oligosaccharide fiber
Supplement / Other
Glucosamine
Amino sugar building block for cartilage repair and joint health.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Joint Support Compound
Supplement / Other
Glycerol
Glycerol is an osmolyte used with fluid to support hyperhydration, plasma volume expansion, and exercise tolerance in heat.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Osmotic hyperhydration and plasma-volume support agent
Supplement / Other
Huperzine A
Huperzine A is a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor isolated from Huperzia serrata and used for memory and acetylcholine support.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting alkaloid
Supplement / Other
Hyaluronic Acid
Key molecule for skin hydration, joint lubrication, and tissue repair.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Glycosaminoglycan
Supplement / Other
Inositol
Sugar alcohol involved in insulin signaling and neurotransmitter function.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- B-Vitamin Relative
Supplement / Other
Inulin
Inulin is a fermentable fructan fiber commonly extracted from chicory root and used as a prebiotic.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Fermentable prebiotic soluble fiber
Supplement / Other
Ipamorelin
Synthetic growth hormone secretagogue studied for pharmacology and postoperative ileus. FDA flags immunogenicity/impurity concerns and serious adverse events in an intravenous gastric-motility study.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Growth Hormone Secretagogue (not FDA-approved)
Substance safety / Other
Ketamine
Ketamine is not supported by NutriStack. Safety information only.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Dissociative
Supplement / Other
Lactoferrin
Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein found in milk, colostrum, tears, saliva, and neutrophil granules.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Iron-binding immune glycoprotein
Supplement / Other
Lutein
Macular carotenoid essential for eye health and blue light protection.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Carotenoid
Supplement / Other
Lycopene
Red carotenoid pigment with potent antioxidant properties, especially for prostate health.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Carotenoid
Substance safety / Other
MDMA
MDMA is not supported by NutriStack. Safety information only.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Empathogen / Stimulant
Supplement / Other
Melanotan II
Synthetic melanocortin agonist sold online for tanning and libido claims. It is not an FDA-approved consumer product, and FDA cites published serious adverse-event case reports.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Alpha-MSH Analog (not FDA-approved)
Supplement / Other
MK-677 (Ibutamoren)
MK-677, or ibutamoren, is an orally active non-peptide ghrelin receptor agonist commonly grouped with research peptides because it stimulates GH and IGF-1.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Non-peptide oral GH secretagogue research chemical
Supplement / Other
MSM
Organic sulfur compound for joint health and connective tissue support.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Sulfur Compound
Supplement / Other
Myo-Inositol & D-Chiro-Inositol
Myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol are inositol stereoisomers used most often in a 40:1 ratio for polycystic ovary syndrome support.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Insulin-sensitizing inositol isomer blend for PCOS
Supplement / Other
Nattokinase
Enzyme from fermented soybeans (natto) with blood clot-dissolving properties.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Fibrinolytic Enzyme
Substance safety / Other
Nicotine
Nicotine is not supported by NutriStack. Safety information only.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Stimulant
Supplement / Other
NMN
Direct precursor to NAD+, the critical coenzyme that declines with age. At the forefront of longevity research for cellular rejuvenation and anti-aging.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Longevity Compound
Supplement / Other
Noopept
Noopept is a synthetic peptide-derived nootropic compound developed and used as a medicine in Russia for some cognitive-disorder contexts.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Peptide-derived synthetic nootropic compound
Supplement / Other
Ox Bile
Supplemental bile acids for those with gallbladder removal or bile insufficiency.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Digestive Support
Supplement / Other
Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum (Sunfiber)
Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) is a low-viscosity soluble fiber produced from guar gum and commonly sold as Sunfiber.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Low-viscosity soluble prebiotic fiber
Supplement / Other
Phosphatidylserine
Phospholipid found in brain cell membranes and studied for memory, attention, exercise-stress, and cortisol-response markers.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Phospholipid
Supplement / Other
Plant Sterols (Phytosterols)
Plant sterols and stanols are cholesterol-like compounds that reduce intestinal cholesterol absorption and lower LDL cholesterol when consumed consistently with meals.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Cholesterol-absorption blocking sterols and stanols
Supplement / Other
PQQ
Novel cofactor that promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, creating new mitochondria.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Mitochondrial Cofactor
Substance safety / Other
Psilocybin
Psilocybin is not supported by NutriStack. Safety information only.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Psychedelic
Supplement / Other
Psyllium Husk
Soluble fiber supplement for digestive regularity and cholesterol reduction.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Soluble Fiber
Supplement / Other
Red Yeast Rice
Red yeast rice is rice fermented with Monascus species and may contain monacolin K, which is chemically identical to lovastatin.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Monacolin-containing fermented rice lipid product
Supplement / Other
Royal Jelly
Nutrient-rich bee secretion with limited human evidence for selected metabolic and menopausal outcomes; allergic reactions can be severe.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Bee Product
Supplement / Other
SAMe
Universal methyl donor involved in over 100 methylation reactions in the body.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Methyl Donor
Supplement / Other
Serrapeptase
Silkworm-derived enzyme with fibrinolytic and anti-inflammatory properties.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Proteolytic Enzyme
Supplement / Other
Shilajit
Ancient Himalayan mineral resin containing fulvic acid and 80+ trace minerals.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Ayurvedic Mineral Complex
Supplement / Other
Sodium Butyrate
Sodium butyrate is the sodium salt of butyric acid, a four-carbon short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) normally produced when gut bacteria ferment dietary fiber in the colon.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Short-Chain Fatty Acid
Supplement / Other
Soy Isoflavones
Soy isoflavones are phytoestrogens from soy foods and extracts used for menopausal hot flashes and bone health support.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Phytoestrogen isoflavone extract
Supplement / Other
Spermidine
Spermidine is a naturally occurring polyamine found in human cells and many foods, best known in research for triggering autophagy, the cellular recycling process that declines with age.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Polyamine
Supplement / Other
Spirulina
Nutrient-dense blue-green algae with high protein and antioxidant content.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Blue-Green Algae
Supplement / Other
Sulforaphane
Potent Nrf2 activator from broccoli sprouts for detoxification and cellular protection.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Cruciferous Compound
Supplement / Other
TB-500
Synthetic thymosin beta-4 fragment marketed for recovery and soft-tissue claims. FDA states it has not identified human exposure data for drug products containing this fragment.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Research Peptide Fragment (not FDA-approved)
Supplement / Other
Theacrine
Theacrine is a caffeine-like purine alkaloid found in kucha tea and cupuacu and marketed for energy, focus, and reduced habituation.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Purine alkaloid stimulant-like compound
Supplement / Other
Urolithin A
Urolithin A is a gut-microbiome metabolite produced when bacteria break down ellagitannins and ellagic acid found in foods like pomegranate, walnuts, and certain berries.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Polyphenol Metabolite
Supplement / Other
Vinpocetine
Vinpocetine is a semi-synthetic derivative of vincamine promoted for cerebral blood flow and cognitive support.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Semi-synthetic vincamine derivative nootropic
Supplement / Other
Zeaxanthin
Partner carotenoid to lutein for comprehensive macular protection.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Carotenoid
Herb
61Supplement / Herb
Andrographis
Andrographis paniculata is a bitter herb used for acute upper respiratory tract infection symptom relief.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Bitter immune and upper respiratory botanical
Supplement / Herb
Artemisinin
Nobel Prize-winning compound from sweet wormwood with antimalarial and anticancer research.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Antimalarial Herb
Supplement / Herb
Bacopa Monnieri
Ayurvedic herb with strong evidence for memory enhancement and cognitive function.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Ayurvedic Adaptogenic Herb
Supplement / Herb
Banaba Leaf (Corosolic Acid)
Banaba leaf extract from Lagerstroemia speciosa is standardized for corosolic acid and used for glucose and insulin-sensitivity support.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Corosolic-acid glucose support extract
Supplement / Herb
Berberine
Plant alkaloid with remarkable metabolic effects, often compared to metformin. Potent for blood sugar management, cholesterol, and gut health.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Metabolic Herb
Supplement / Herb
Berberine HCl
Enhanced form of berberine with better bioavailability for metabolic support.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Metabolic Alkaloid
Supplement / Herb
Bitter Melon
Bitter melon is a tropical fruit used traditionally for blood sugar support and studied in type 2 diabetes.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Glucose-support fruit and seed extract
Supplement / Herb
Black Cohosh
North American herb used for menopause symptom relief, especially hot flashes.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Women's Health Herb
Supplement / Herb
Black Seed Oil
Traditional Middle Eastern remedy with broad immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory effects.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Traditional Medicinal Oil
Supplement / Herb
Boswellia
Resin extract with potent anti-inflammatory properties, especially for joints.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Anti-Inflammatory Herb
Supplement / Herb
Cat's Claw
Amazonian vine used for immune support and joint inflammation.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Anti-Inflammatory Vine
Supplement / Herb
Chaga
Birch tree fungus rich in antioxidants and immune-modulating compounds.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Medicinal Mushroom
Supplement / Herb
Chamomile
Chamomile flower is widely used as a tea or extract for relaxation, mild anxiety, digestive comfort, and sleep.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Calming flower tea and extract
Supplement / Herb
Cinnamon Extract
Cinnamon extract is a concentrated form of Cinnamomum bark studied for modest improvements in fasting glucose, insulin sensitivity, and blood lipids.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Polyphenol-rich glucose support spice extract
Supplement / Herb
Curcumin Phytosome
Curcumin complexed with phosphatidylcholine for 29x better absorption than standard curcumin.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Enhanced Curcumin
Supplement / Herb
Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice (DGL)
Deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) is licorice root extract processed to remove most glycyrrhizin, the compound responsible for licorice-induced hypertension, hypokalemia, and fluid retention.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Low-glycyrrhizin gastric demulcent botanical
Supplement / Herb
Dong Quai
Dong quai is Angelica sinensis root, traditionally used for menstrual discomfort and menopausal symptoms.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Traditional menstrual and menopausal root herb
Supplement / Herb
Echinacea
Popular immune-stimulating herb used at the onset of colds.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Immune-Stimulating Herb
Supplement / Herb
Elderberry
Rich in anthocyanins with antiviral properties, popular for cold and flu support.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Antiviral Berry
Supplement / Herb
Fenugreek
Seed extract used for blood sugar control, testosterone support, and milk production.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Galactagogue & Testosterone Herb
Supplement / Herb
Garlic Extract
Aged garlic extract supports cardiovascular health and immune function.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Cardiovascular Herb
Supplement / Herb
Ginger Extract
Warming root studied for nausea, digestion, and inflammatory-marker contexts.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Anti-Nausea Herb
Supplement / Herb
Ginkgo Biloba
One of the oldest living tree species, used for cognitive function and circulation.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Cerebrovascular Herb
Supplement / Herb
Gotu Kola
Gotu kola (Centella asiatica) is a traditional Ayurvedic and Chinese medicinal herb used for wound healing, skin and connective tissue support, and as a longevity and cognitive tonic.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Adaptogenic / Nootropic Botanical
Supplement / Herb
Grape Seed Extract
Rich in oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) for cardiovascular and antioxidant support.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Polyphenol Extract
Supplement / Herb
Green Tea Extract
Rich in EGCG catechins for antioxidant, metabolic, and cognitive benefits.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Polyphenol Extract
Supplement / Herb
Gymnema Sylvestre
Gymnema sylvestre is an Ayurvedic leaf extract used for sugar craving control and blood glucose support.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Ayurvedic glucose-support herb
Supplement / Herb
Hawthorn (Crataegus)
Hawthorn is a traditional cardiotonic herb studied mainly as adjunctive support in mild heart failure and for blood pressure.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Cardiotonic flavonoid and procyanidin herb
Supplement / Herb
Holy Basil/Tulsi
Sacred Ayurvedic herb for stress adaptation and metabolic balance.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Ayurvedic Adaptogen
Supplement / Herb
Jujube
Jujube seed, often called suan zao ren, is used in traditional Chinese medicine formulas for insomnia, restlessness, and calming.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Traditional sedative seed extract
Supplement / Herb
Kava
Kava root preparations have randomized-trial and systematic-review evidence for anxiety symptom reduction, but safety concerns include rare severe liver injury and additive sedation.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Kavalactone anxiolytic with hepatic safety concerns
Supplement / Herb
Lavender
Oral lavender oil, especially the standardized product Silexan, has randomized-trial evidence for subthreshold anxiety and generalized anxiety symptoms.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Oral lavender oil anxiolytic
Supplement / Herb
Lemon Balm
Lemon balm is a Melissa officinalis leaf preparation used for calm, stress, sleep, and mild digestive tension.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Calming mint-family botanical
Supplement / Herb
Maca Root
Peruvian root vegetable used for energy, libido, and hormonal balance.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Adaptogenic Root
Supplement / Herb
Magnolia Bark
Magnolia bark is a traditional Magnolia officinalis bark preparation used for stress, anxiety, sleep, and digestive tension.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Honokiol and magnolol calming botanical
Supplement / Herb
Marshmallow Root
Marshmallow root is a mucilage-rich Althaea officinalis root used traditionally to soothe irritated throat, esophageal, and gastric lining.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Mucilage-rich demulcent root
Supplement / Herb
Milk Thistle
The premier liver-protective herb, used for over 2,000 years. Silymarin complex protects hepatocytes from toxin damage and supports liver regeneration.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Liver-Support Herb
Supplement / Herb
Moringa
Tropical tree leaf with exceptional nutrient density, often called the 'miracle tree.'
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Nutrient-Dense Superfood Herb
Supplement / Herb
Mucuna Pruriens
Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume whose seeds naturally contain levodopa, the same dopamine precursor used in Parkinson disease therapy.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Levodopa-containing legume extract
Supplement / Herb
Olive Leaf Extract
Rich in oleuropein with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cardiovascular benefits.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Antimicrobial Polyphenol
Supplement / Herb
Passionflower
Gentle calming herb for anxiety and sleep with fewer side effects than valerian.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Anxiolytic Herb
Supplement / Herb
Peppermint Oil (Enteric-Coated)
Enteric-coated peppermint oil is a menthol-rich Mentha piperita oil preparation used for IBS abdominal pain and bloating.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Enteric-coated antispasmodic botanical oil
Supplement / Herb
Pine Bark Extract
French maritime pine bark extract with potent antioxidant and blood flow benefits.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Polyphenol Extract
Supplement / Herb
Pueraria Mirifica
Pueraria mirifica is a Thai tuber used in supplements for menopausal vasomotor, vaginal, skin
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Phytoestrogen-rich tuber extract
Supplement / Herb
Pygeum Africanum
Pygeum Africanum is an extract from Prunus africana bark used for lower urinary tract symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- African plum bark extract for BPH symptoms
Supplement / Herb
Quercetin
Plant flavonoid studied for allergy, blood pressure, and cardiometabolic markers. Human senolytic evidence comes from dasatinib plus quercetin combinations, not quercetin alone.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Flavonoid
Supplement / Herb
Red Clover Isoflavones
Red clover isoflavones provide phytoestrogens such as biochanin A and formononetin and are used for menopausal hot flashes and bone support.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Phytoestrogen isoflavone extract
Supplement / Herb
Resveratrol
Polyphenol from red wine and grapes studied for metabolic, vascular, and oxidative-stress markers. Best taken with a fat source for absorption.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Polyphenol
Supplement / Herb
Saffron Extract
Saffron extract is derived from Crocus sativus stigmas and standardized for crocin, crocetin, and safranal.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Mood-support botanical carotenoid extract
Supplement / Herb
Saw Palmetto
Berry extract traditionally used for prostate and urinary symptoms; larger reviews find mixed-to-negative evidence for BPH symptom relief.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Prostate Support Herb
Supplement / Herb
Schisandra
Adaptogenic berry used in TCM for liver protection and stress resilience.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Adaptogenic Berry
Supplement / Herb
Slippery Elm
Slippery elm is the inner bark of Ulmus rubra, rich in mucilage that forms a soothing gel when mixed with water.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Mucilage-rich demulcent bark
Supplement / Herb
St. John's Wort
Widely used herbal antidepressant with one of the most dangerous supplement-drug interaction profiles. Potent CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein inducer, reduces effectiveness of many critical medications.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Mood Support Herb
Supplement / Herb
Stinging Nettle Root
Stinging nettle root is used for lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- BPH and lower urinary tract symptom botanical
Supplement / Herb
Tongkat Ali
Malaysian herb researched for testosterone support and stress reduction.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Testosterone Support Herb
Supplement / Herb
Tribulus Terrestris
Traditional herb marketed for testosterone, though evidence is mixed.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Testosterone Support Herb
Supplement / Herb
Turkey Tail
Colorful bracket fungus with strong immune-modulating research, especially PSK/PSP.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Medicinal Mushroom
Supplement / Herb
Turmeric/Curcumin
The golden spice with powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Curcumin is the active compound, but has poor bioavailability without enhancers like piperine.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Anti-Inflammatory Herb
Supplement / Herb
Valerian Root
Traditional herbal sedative for sleep and anxiety relief.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Sedative Herb
Supplement / Herb
Vitex (Chasteberry)
Vitex agnus-castus fruit extract is used for premenstrual syndrome, cyclic mastalgia, and luteal-phase symptom patterns.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Dopaminergic reproductive hormone modulating herb
Supplement / Herb
Wild Yam
Wild yam root contains diosgenin, a plant steroid used industrially to synthesize steroid hormones, but the human body does not convert diosgenin into progesterone or estrogen.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Diosgenin-containing menopausal herb with limited evidence
Amino Acid
28Supplement / Amino Acid
5-HTP
Direct precursor to serotonin, bypassing the rate-limiting tryptophan hydroxylase step. Effective for mood, sleep, and appetite regulation.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Serotonin Precursor
Supplement / Amino Acid
Acetyl-L-Carnitine
Acetylated form of L-carnitine that crosses the blood-brain barrier for cognitive support.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Amino Acid Derivative
Supplement / Amino Acid
Agmatine Sulfate
Agmatine sulfate is an arginine-derived compound marketed for pre-workout pumps, pain modulation, and mood support.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Arginine metabolite and imidazoline receptor modulator
Supplement / Amino Acid
BCAAs
Three essential amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, valine) that stimulate muscle protein synthesis.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Essential Amino Acids
Supplement / Amino Acid
Beta-Alanine
Precursor to carnosine, buffering muscle acidity during high-intensity exercise.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Non-Proteinogenic Amino Acid
Supplement / Amino Acid
Carnosine
Carnosine is a naturally occurring dipeptide of beta-alanine and L-histidine that concentrates in skeletal muscle and brain tissue.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Dipeptide
Supplement / Amino Acid
Citrulline Malate
Citrulline malate combines L-citrulline with malic acid and is used before resistance or high-intensity exercise for blood flow, training volume, and perceived fatigue.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Nitric oxide and fatigue-resistance amino acid salt
Supplement / Amino Acid
Collagen Peptides
Hydrolyzed collagen provides bioactive peptides that stimulate the body's own collagen production. Supports skin elasticity, joint health, and gut lining integrity.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Protein
Supplement / Amino Acid
Creatine
One of the most researched supplements in history. Primarily known for athletic performance, but emerging evidence strongly supports cognitive benefits, especially under stress or sleep deprivation.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Organic Compound
Supplement / Amino Acid
D-Aspartic Acid
Amino acid isomer studied for male fertility and testosterone, with inconsistent human evidence and no reliable testosterone benefit in healthy or resistance-trained men.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Non-Essential Amino Acid
Supplement / Amino Acid
Essential Amino Acids
Essential amino acid blends provide the nine amino acids that humans cannot synthesize and must obtain from diet.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Complete indispensable amino acid blend
Supplement / Amino Acid
GABA
Primary inhibitory neurotransmitter supplement for relaxation and sleep.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Inhibitory Neurotransmitter
Supplement / Amino Acid
Glycine
The simplest amino acid with surprisingly powerful effects on sleep quality, collagen synthesis, and neuroprotection. A key component of glutathione.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Non-Essential Amino Acid
Supplement / Amino Acid
HMB
Metabolite of leucine that reduces muscle protein breakdown.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Leucine Metabolite
Supplement / Amino Acid
L-Arginine
Precursor to nitric oxide, supporting blood flow and cardiovascular health.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Conditionally Essential Amino Acid
Supplement / Amino Acid
L-Carnitine
Transports long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria for energy production.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Amino Acid Derivative
Supplement / Amino Acid
L-Citrulline
Converts to L-arginine in the kidneys, providing sustained nitric oxide production.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Non-Essential Amino Acid
Supplement / Amino Acid
L-Glutamine
Most abundant amino acid in the body, critical for gut health and immune function.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Conditionally Essential Amino Acid
Supplement / Amino Acid
L-Glutathione
The body's master antioxidant, critical for detoxification and immune function.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Tripeptide Antioxidant
Supplement / Amino Acid
L-Lysine
Essential amino acid important for collagen synthesis, calcium absorption, and antiviral activity.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Essential Amino Acid
Supplement / Amino Acid
L-Methionine
Essential sulfur-containing amino acid, precursor to SAMe and cysteine.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Essential Amino Acid
Supplement / Amino Acid
L-Theanine
Unique amino acid found primarily in green tea. Promotes calm alertness without drowsiness. Synergizes exceptionally well with caffeine for focused energy.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Non-Essential Amino Acid
Supplement / Amino Acid
L-Tryptophan
Essential amino acid precursor to serotonin and melatonin.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Essential Amino Acid
Supplement / Amino Acid
L-Tyrosine
Precursor to dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. Excellent for maintaining cognitive performance under stress, sleep deprivation, or multi-tasking demands.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Non-Essential Amino Acid
Supplement / Amino Acid
NAC
The most effective oral precursor to glutathione, the body's master antioxidant. Powerful liver protectant, mucolytic, and mental health support compound.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Modified Amino Acid
Supplement / Amino Acid
Taurine
Sulfur-containing amino acid abundant in heart, brain, and retina. Supports cardiovascular and neural function.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Conditionally Essential Amino Acid
Supplement / Amino Acid
Trimethylglycine
Trimethylglycine (TMG), also called betaine anhydrous, is a naturally occurring amino acid derivative that serves as a methyl donor in the body.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Methyl donor
Supplement / Amino Acid
Whey Protein
Whey protein is a fast-digesting, complete dairy protein rich in essential amino acids and leucine.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Leucine-rich complete dairy protein
Peptide
25Supplement / Peptide
Cerebrolysin
Cerebrolysin is a porcine-derived peptide mixture with neurotrophic-like activity, used in some countries for stroke, dementia, and traumatic brain injury.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Porcine-derived neuropeptide mixture
Supplement / Peptide
Dihexa
Dihexa is an angiotensin IV-derived peptidomimetic that potentiates hepatocyte growth factor signaling at c-Met in preclinical studies.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Preclinical HGF/c-Met synaptogenic peptidomimetic
Supplement / Peptide
DSIP (Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide)
DSIP is a nonapeptide historically investigated for sleep regulation and stress physiology. It is not FDA-approved, and controlled human insomnia studies are small and inconsistent.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Investigational sleep-modulating nonapeptide
Supplement / Peptide
Elamipretide (SS-31)
Elamipretide is a mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide that binds cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Mitochondrial cardiolipin-binding tetrapeptide
Supplement / Peptide
Epitalon
Epitalon is a synthetic tetrapeptide promoted for circadian rhythm, telomerase, and longevity effects.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Pineal bioregulator tetrapeptide
Supplement / Peptide
GHK-Cu (Copper Peptide)
GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide used in cosmetics and studied for skin remodeling, collagen signaling, and wound repair.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Copper-binding skin remodeling peptide
Supplement / Peptide
GHRP-2
GHRP-2, also called pralmorelin, is a synthetic hexapeptide ghrelin receptor agonist that stimulates growth hormone release.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Synthetic GH secretagogue and diagnostic pralmorelin peptide
Supplement / Peptide
GHRP-6
GHRP-6 is a synthetic hexapeptide growth hormone secretagogue that activates the ghrelin or growth hormone secretagogue receptor and can trigger GH release and strong appetite stimulation.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Research GH secretagogue and ghrelin receptor agonist
Supplement / Peptide
Hexarelin
Hexarelin is a potent synthetic growth hormone secretagogue in the GHRP class that activates ghrelin or growth hormone secretagogue receptors and can raise GH, cortisol, and prolactin.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Potent experimental GH secretagogue
Supplement / Peptide
HGH Fragment 176-191
HGH Fragment 176-191 is a synthetic C-terminal fragment of human growth hormone marketed for fat loss and lipolysis.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Unapproved C-terminal growth hormone fragment
Supplement / Peptide
Humanin
Humanin is a mitochondrial-derived cytoprotective peptide first characterized in neuroprotection research.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Mitochondrial-derived cytoprotective peptide
Supplement / Peptide
IGF-1 LR3 (Long R3 IGF-1)
IGF-1 LR3 is a modified recombinant IGF-1 analog with an N-terminal extension and an arginine substitution that greatly reduces binding to IGF-binding proteins.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Unapproved long-acting IGF-1 analog research reagent
Supplement / Peptide
KPV
KPV is the C-terminal Lys-Pro-Val tripeptide of alpha-MSH studied for anti-inflammatory signaling in gut, skin, and immune models.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Alpha-MSH-derived anti-inflammatory tripeptide
Supplement / Peptide
Larazotide Acetate
Larazotide acetate is an oral octapeptide zonulin-pathway antagonist investigated as an adjunct for celiac disease symptoms despite a gluten-free diet.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Investigational intestinal tight-junction regulator
Supplement / Peptide
LL-37
LL-37 is a human cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptide involved in innate immune defense, inflammation, angiogenesis, and wound healing.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide
Supplement / Peptide
MOTS-c
MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded within the 12S rRNA region and studied for metabolic stress signaling.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Mitochondrial-derived metabolic peptide
Supplement / Peptide
Pentadeca Arginate (PDA)
Pentadeca Arginate is marketed as an arginate-salt form of the BPC-157 pentadecapeptide for tissue repair and inflammation.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Unapproved BPC-157 arginate salt research peptide
Supplement / Peptide
Selank
Selank is a synthetic heptapeptide derived from tuftsin and developed in Russia for anxiety-related conditions.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Tuftsin-derived anxiolytic research peptide
Supplement / Peptide
Semax
Semax is a synthetic ACTH(4-7) analog with a Pro-Gly-Pro extension, used in Russia for neurologic indications and marketed elsewhere as a nootropic. It is not FDA-approved in the United States.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- ACTH fragment nootropic and neuroprotection peptide
Supplement / Peptide
Sermorelin
Sermorelin is a 29-amino-acid GHRH analog that stimulates pituitary growth hormone release when pituitary reserve is present.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Growth hormone-releasing hormone analog
Supplement / Peptide
Tesamorelin
Tesamorelin is a stabilized GHRH analog that is FDA-approved as prescription Egrifta products for reducing excess abdominal fat in adults with HIV-associated lipodystrophy.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Prescription GHRH analog for HIV-associated lipodystrophy
Supplement / Peptide
Thymalin
Thymalin is a thymus-derived peptide mixture used clinically in Russia and studied for immune homeostasis and T-cell function.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Thymic peptide bioregulator mixture
Supplement / Peptide
Thymosin Alpha-1
Thymosin Alpha-1 is a 28-amino-acid thymic peptide that modulates innate and adaptive immune responses.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Thymic immunomodulatory peptide
Supplement / Peptide
Thymosin Beta-4
Thymosin Beta-4 is an endogenous 43-amino-acid peptide involved in actin regulation, cell migration, angiogenesis, and tissue repair.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Actin-sequestering tissue-repair peptide
Supplement / Peptide
VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide)
VIP is an endogenous 28-amino-acid neuropeptide with vasodilatory, bronchodilatory, secretory, and immunomodulatory effects through VPAC receptors.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- VPAC receptor neuroimmune and vasodilatory peptide
Mineral
24Supplement / Mineral
Boron
Trace mineral studied for bone-mineral, vitamin D, magnesium, and selected hormone-marker contexts.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Trace Mineral
Supplement / Mineral
Calcium
The most abundant mineral in the body, critical for bone health, muscle contraction, nerve signaling, and blood clotting.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Essential Mineral
Supplement / Mineral
Chromium
Trace mineral that enhances insulin sensitivity and supports healthy blood sugar metabolism. Popular supplement for glucose management and body composition.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Trace Mineral
Supplement / Mineral
Copper
Essential trace mineral for iron metabolism, connective tissue formation, and antioxidant defense. Must be balanced with zinc intake.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Trace Mineral
Supplement / Mineral
Iodine
Essential for thyroid hormone production. Deficiency is the leading cause of preventable intellectual disability worldwide. Many people are mildly deficient.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Trace Mineral
Supplement / Mineral
Iron
Essential for oxygen transport via hemoglobin, energy production, and immune function. Most common nutritional deficiency worldwide, especially in women.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Essential Mineral
Supplement / Mineral
Iron Bisglycinate
Gentle, highly bioavailable iron form that causes less GI distress than other forms.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Iron Form
Supplement / Mineral
Lithium Orotate
Low-dose lithium supplement for neuroprotection and mood support.
- Evidence
- Insufficient
- Class
- Trace Mineral
Supplement / Mineral
Magnesium Citrate
Well-absorbed magnesium form with mild laxative properties.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Magnesium Form
Supplement / Mineral
Magnesium Glycinate
One of the most bioavailable and gentle forms of magnesium (Mg citrate is comparably bioavailable). Excellent for relaxation, sleep, and muscle recovery.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Chelated Mineral
Supplement / Mineral
Magnesium L-Threonate
The most effective form studied for raising brain magnesium levels (all Mg forms cross BBB to some degree). Developed at MIT specifically for cognitive enhancement and brain health.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Chelated Mineral
Supplement / Mineral
Magnesium Malate
Magnesium combined with malic acid, targeted for energy and fibromyalgia support.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Magnesium Form
Supplement / Mineral
Magnesium Taurate
Magnesium chelated with taurine, specifically targeted for cardiovascular support.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Magnesium Form
Supplement / Mineral
Manganese
Essential trace mineral for bone formation, blood clotting, and metabolism.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Trace Mineral
Supplement / Mineral
Molybdenum
Trace mineral essential for enzyme function in sulfite and purine metabolism.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Trace Mineral
Supplement / Mineral
Potassium
Crucial electrolyte for heart rhythm, muscle contraction, nerve signaling, and blood pressure regulation. Most people don't get enough from diet alone.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Essential Mineral
Supplement / Mineral
Selenium
Essential trace mineral crucial for thyroid function, antioxidant defense, and immune health. Narrow therapeutic window, both deficiency and excess are harmful.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Trace Mineral
Supplement / Mineral
Silicon
Trace mineral important for bone, skin, hair, and nail health.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Trace Mineral
Supplement / Mineral
Sodium Bicarbonate
Sodium bicarbonate is an extracellular buffer used to improve repeated high-intensity exercise, sprint intervals, combat sports, and short-duration efforts limited by acidosis.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Extracellular buffering ergogenic aid
Supplement / Mineral
Strontium
Trace element that supports bone density by stimulating osteoblasts and inhibiting osteoclasts.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Bone-Support Mineral
Supplement / Mineral
Vanadium
Ultra-trace mineral that mimics insulin action for blood sugar support.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Ultra-Trace Mineral
Supplement / Mineral
Zinc
Essential trace mineral involved in immune function, wound healing, DNA synthesis, and testosterone production. Second most abundant trace mineral in the body.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Trace Mineral
Supplement / Mineral
Zinc Carnosine
Zinc chelated with L-carnosine, specifically targeted for gut lining repair.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Zinc Form
Supplement / Mineral
Zinc Picolinate
Highly bioavailable zinc form chelated with picolinic acid.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Zinc Form
Vitamin
22Supplement / Vitamin
Methylcobalamin
The active, methylated coenzyme form of vitamin B12, bypasses conversion steps.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Active B12 Form
Supplement / Vitamin
Methylfolate
The active, methylated form of folate, essential for those with MTHFR variants.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Active Folate
Supplement / Vitamin
Niacinamide
Niacinamide is the amide form of vitamin B3 and a precursor for NAD and NADP coenzymes. Unlike nicotinic acid, it generally does not cause flushing and does not reliably lower lipids.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Non-flushing vitamin B3 and NAD precursor
Supplement / Vitamin
Nicotinamide Riboside
Nicotinamide riboside is a form of vitamin B3 and a direct precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a coenzyme central to mitochondrial energy production and cellular metabolism.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- NAD+ Precursor (Vitamin B3 form)
Supplement / Vitamin
Tocotrienols
Tocotrienols are vitamin E family compounds with unsaturated side chains and biological effects that differ from alpha-tocopherol.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Vitamin E isomers with lipid and antioxidant activity
Supplement / Vitamin
Vitamin A
Essential for vision, immune function, skin health, and cell differentiation. Available as preformed retinol or provitamin A (beta-carotene).
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Fat-Soluble Vitamin
Supplement / Vitamin
Vitamin B1
Essential for energy metabolism, nerve function, and carbohydrate metabolism. First B vitamin discovered.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- B Vitamin
Supplement / Vitamin
Vitamin B12
Essential for nerve function, red blood cell formation, DNA synthesis, and methylation. Common deficiency in vegans and older adults due to absorption issues.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- B Vitamin
Supplement / Vitamin
Vitamin B2
Essential for energy production, cellular function, and metabolism of fats, drugs, and steroids. Also important for maintaining healthy skin and eyes.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- B Vitamin
Supplement / Vitamin
Vitamin B3
Critical for NAD+ production, energy metabolism, DNA repair, and cellular signaling. Available as niacin (causes flushing) or niacinamide (no flush).
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- B Vitamin
Supplement / Vitamin
Vitamin B5
Essential for synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA), which is involved in hundreds of metabolic pathways including fatty acid synthesis and energy production.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- B Vitamin
Supplement / Vitamin
Vitamin B6
Involved in over 100 enzyme reactions, primarily in amino acid metabolism. Critical for neurotransmitter synthesis, hemoglobin production, and immune function.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- B Vitamin
Supplement / Vitamin
Vitamin B7
Known as the 'beauty vitamin' for its role in hair, skin, and nail health. Also essential for macronutrient metabolism.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- B Vitamin
Supplement / Vitamin
Vitamin B9
Essential for DNA synthesis, cell division, and methylation. Critical during pregnancy for neural tube development. Methylfolate is the bioactive form.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- B Vitamin
Supplement / Vitamin
Vitamin C
A powerful antioxidant essential for collagen synthesis, immune function, and iron absorption. Humans cannot synthesize it and must obtain it from diet or supplements.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Water-Soluble Vitamin
Supplement / Vitamin
Vitamin C Liposomal
Vitamin C encapsulated in phospholipid liposomes for dramatically improved absorption.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Enhanced Vitamin C
Supplement / Vitamin
Vitamin D2
Plant-derived form of vitamin D, less potent than D3 but suitable for vegans.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Fat-Soluble Vitamin
Supplement / Vitamin
Vitamin D3
The sunshine vitamin, essential for calcium absorption, bone health, immune function, and mood regulation. Most people are deficient, especially in northern latitudes.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Fat-Soluble Vitamin
Supplement / Vitamin
Vitamin E
A fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cell membranes from oxidative damage. Important for skin health and immune function; cardiovascular outcome benefits from routine supplementation are not…
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Fat-Soluble Vitamin
Supplement / Vitamin
Vitamin K1
The primary form of vitamin K found in plants, essential for blood clotting. Also supports bone health to a lesser extent than K2.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Fat-Soluble Vitamin
Supplement / Vitamin
Vitamin K2
Directs calcium to bones and teeth while preventing arterial calcification. Critical partner for vitamin D3 supplementation.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Fat-Soluble Vitamin
Supplement / Vitamin
Vitamin K2 MK-4
Short-acting form of K2 that reaches bone and brain tissue rapidly.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Fat-Soluble Vitamin
Antioxidant
21Supplement / Antioxidant
Alpha-Lipoic Acid
Unique antioxidant that works in both water and fat environments. Regenerates other antioxidants (vitamins C, E, glutathione, CoQ10). Powerful support for blood sugar and nerve health.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Universal Antioxidant
Supplement / Antioxidant
Anthocyanins (Bilberry Extract)
Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) is a wild European berry whose dark pigment is rich in anthocyanins, a class of water-soluble flavonoid polyphenols.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Polyphenol (Flavonoid)
Supplement / Antioxidant
Astaxanthin
The most powerful carotenoid antioxidant, 6,000x more effective than vitamin C at quenching singlet oxygen (a specific lab assay, not general potency). Gives salmon and flamingos their pink color.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Carotenoid
Supplement / Antioxidant
Bergamot (Citrus Bergamia) Extract
Bergamot extract is a Citrus bergamia polyphenol preparation studied for LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and metabolic markers.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Citrus polyphenol lipid-support extract
Supplement / Antioxidant
Coenzyme Q10
Essential component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Production declines significantly with age and statin use. Critical for heart, brain, and cellular energy.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Mitochondrial Support
Supplement / Antioxidant
Crocin (Saffron Extract)
Crocin is the major water-soluble carotenoid pigment responsible for the deep red color of saffron (Crocus sativus stigmas) and is the marker compound for many standardized saffron extracts.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Carotenoid
Supplement / Antioxidant
EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate)
EGCG is the most abundant and biologically active catechin in green tea (Camellia sinensis) and is sold as a standardized polyphenol extract for metabolic, cardiovascular, and antioxidant support.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Polyphenol (Flavan-3-ol Catechin)
Supplement / Antioxidant
Ellagic Acid
Ellagic acid is a naturally occurring polyphenol found in pomegranates, walnuts, and many berries such as raspberries, strawberries, and blackberries.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Polyphenol
Supplement / Antioxidant
Epicatechin
Epicatechin is a cocoa and tea flavanol studied for endothelial function, mitochondrial signaling, and muscle-related pathways.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Cocoa flavanol and vascular polyphenol
Supplement / Antioxidant
Ergothioneine
Ergothioneine is a naturally occurring sulfur-containing amino acid derivative (a betaine of 2-mercaptohistidine) synthesized by fungi and certain bacteria but not by humans
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Sulfur amino acid derivative
Supplement / Antioxidant
Fisetin
Fisetin is a plant flavonol found in strawberries, apples, and onions that is studied for healthy-aging, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Polyphenol (Flavonol)
Supplement / Antioxidant
Fucoxanthin
Fucoxanthin is a xanthophyll carotenoid found in the chloroplasts of brown seaweeds such as wakame (Undaria pinnatifida), hijiki, and kombu.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Carotenoid
Supplement / Antioxidant
Hesperidin
Hesperidin is a flavanone glycoside found predominantly in citrus fruits, especially the peel and pith of oranges and lemons, where it is the most abundant flavonoid.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Citrus Flavonoid (Flavanone Glycoside)
Supplement / Antioxidant
Luteolin
Luteolin is a plant-derived flavone found in many fruits, vegetables, and herbs that has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and mast-cell-stabilizing properties.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Flavonoid (Flavone)
Supplement / Antioxidant
MitoQ (Mitoquinone)
MitoQ is a synthetic derivative of coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) covalently linked to a lipophilic triphenylphosphonium (TPP+) cation
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant
Supplement / Antioxidant
Oligonol (Lychee Polyphenol)
Oligonol is a patented, low-molecular-weight polyphenol produced by enzymatically oligomerizing the larger proanthocyanidin polymers found in lychee (Litchi chinensis) fruit
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Polyphenol
Supplement / Antioxidant
Pomegranate Extract
Pomegranate extract is a polyphenol-rich preparation studied for blood pressure, endothelial function, LDL oxidation, and inflammatory markers.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Punicalagin-rich vascular polyphenol extract
Supplement / Antioxidant
Pterostilbene
Pterostilbene is a naturally occurring stilbenoid and a dimethylated structural analog of resveratrol found chiefly in blueberries and grapes.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Polyphenol (Stilbenoid)
Supplement / Antioxidant
Rutin
Rutin is a naturally occurring flavonol glycoside (the rhamnoglucoside of quercetin) found in buckwheat, citrus, and many fruits and vegetables.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Flavonoid (flavonol glycoside)
Supplement / Antioxidant
Tangeretin
Tangeretin is a polymethoxylated flavone found concentrated in the peel of tangerines and other citrus fruits.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Polymethoxylated Flavonoid
Supplement / Antioxidant
Tart Cherry Extract
Tart cherry extract is a concentrated preparation of Montmorency (Prunus cerasus) cherries rich in anthocyanins and other polyphenols.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Polyphenol (Anthocyanin)
Omega/Fatty Acid
10Supplement / Omega/Fatty Acid
CLA
Naturally occurring trans fat found in grass-fed meat and dairy with body composition benefits.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Trans Fatty Acid Isomer
Supplement / Omega/Fatty Acid
Evening Primrose Oil
Rich in gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) for hormonal balance and skin health.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Omega-6 Fatty Acid
Supplement / Omega/Fatty Acid
Fish Oil
The most important essential fatty acid supplement. EPA and DHA omega-3s are critical for brain function, heart health, and systemic inflammation control.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Essential Fatty Acid
Supplement / Omega/Fatty Acid
Fish Oil Triple Strength
High-potency fish oil with 75-90% omega-3 concentration for fewer pills and better results.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Concentrated Omega-3
Supplement / Omega/Fatty Acid
Flaxseed Oil
Richest plant source of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), a precursor to EPA/DHA.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Plant-Based Omega-3
Supplement / Omega/Fatty Acid
Krill Oil
EPA/DHA bound to phospholipids for superior bioavailability. Also contains astaxanthin, a powerful antioxidant. Often better tolerated than fish oil with no fishy burps.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Essential Fatty Acid
Supplement / Omega/Fatty Acid
MCT Oil
Rapidly absorbed fatty acids that provide quick energy and support ketone production.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Medium-Chain Fatty Acid
Supplement / Omega/Fatty Acid
Omega-7
Uncommon omega fatty acid supporting mucous membrane health and metabolic function.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Monounsaturated Fatty Acid
Supplement / Omega/Fatty Acid
Phosphatidylcholine
Major phospholipid in cell membranes and a choline source for brain health.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Phospholipid
Supplement / Omega/Fatty Acid
Sea Buckthorn Oil
Sea buckthorn oil is a fatty acid-rich oil from Hippophae rhamnoides seed, pulp, or berry used for mucosal dryness, skin dryness, and vaginal dryness in menopause.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Omega-7 and carotenoid-rich botanical oil
Adaptogen
8Supplement / Adaptogen
American Ginseng
American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) is an adaptogenic root traditionally used to support cognition, energy, and immune resilience
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Ginseng (Panax)
Supplement / Adaptogen
Ashwagandha
Ayurvedic adaptogenic herb studied for stress, cortisol-related wellness markers, sleep quality, strength/recovery, and thyroid-related markers in selected populations.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Ayurvedic Adaptogen
Supplement / Adaptogen
Cordyceps
Energy-boosting medicinal mushroom traditionally used in Tibetan and Chinese medicine. Enhances oxygen utilization, ATP production, and physical performance.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Medicinal Mushroom
Supplement / Adaptogen
Eleuthero
Eleuthero (Eleutherococcus senticosus) is a woody shrub of the Araliaceae family, traditionally used in Russian and East Asian medicine as an adaptogen to improve resistance to physical and mental…
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Herbal adaptogen
Supplement / Adaptogen
Lion's Mane
Unique medicinal mushroom with preclinically demonstrated nerve growth factor (NGF) stimulating properties. The premier nootropic mushroom for cognitive enhancement and neuroprotection.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Medicinal Mushroom
Supplement / Adaptogen
Panax Ginseng
Panax ginseng is a perennial root used in traditional East Asian medicine and standardized in modern supplements to its active ginsenoside content.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Botanical Adaptogen
Supplement / Adaptogen
Reishi
The 'mushroom of immortality' in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Premier immune-modulating mushroom with calming, sleep-promoting properties. Ideal evening adaptogen.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Medicinal Mushroom
Supplement / Adaptogen
Rhodiola Rosea
Arctic adaptogen used for centuries in Scandinavian and Russian traditional medicine. Excels at combating fatigue, enhancing mental performance, and improving stress resilience.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Nordic Adaptogen
Probiotic
7Supplement / Probiotic
Bifidobacterium infantis 35624
Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 is a probiotic strain best known for IBS symptom trials, especially abdominal pain, bloating, gas, and bowel dysfunction.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- IBS-focused Bifidobacterium probiotic strain
Supplement / Probiotic
Bifidobacterium longum BB536
Bifidobacterium longum BB536 is a well-characterized probiotic strain used in foods and supplements and studied for constipation, bowel movement frequency, and immune modulation.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Bifidobacterium probiotic for bowel regularity and immune support
Supplement / Probiotic
Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM
Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM is a well-studied probiotic strain used in dairy products and supplements.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Acidophilus probiotic strain for digestive and immune support
Supplement / Probiotic
Lactobacillus plantarum 299v
Lactobacillus plantarum 299v, now classified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v, is a strain-specific probiotic studied for IBS symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and gas.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Strain-specific probiotic for IBS and iron absorption
Supplement / Probiotic
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus
One of the most researched probiotic strains for gut and immune health.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Specific Probiotic Strain
Supplement / Probiotic
Probiotics
Live beneficial bacteria that colonize the gut microbiome. Support digestion, immune function, mental health (gut-brain axis), and nutrient synthesis.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Gut Health
Supplement / Probiotic
Saccharomyces Boulardii
Beneficial probiotic yeast resistant to antibiotics, ideal for gut support during antibiotic use.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Probiotic Yeast
Hormone
3Supplement / Hormone
DHEA
Adrenal hormone precursor that declines with age and can raise downstream androgen and estrogen activity.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Hormone Precursor
Supplement / Hormone
Melatonin
The body's primary sleep-regulating hormone. Also a potent antioxidant with neuroprotective properties. Most people use doses far higher than needed.
- Evidence
- Strong
- Class
- Sleep Hormone
Supplement / Hormone
Pregnenolone
Precursor to all steroid hormones, the starting point of the steroidogenic pathway.
- Evidence
- Emerging
- Class
- Master Hormone Precursor
Enzyme
1Supplement / Enzyme
Digestive Enzymes
Blend of enzymes that break down proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and fiber. Helpful for those with low enzyme production, digestive discomfort, or when eating enzyme-poor cooked foods.
- Evidence
- Moderate
- Class
- Digestive Support
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