Calcium
Mineral ·Exploratory record · not publication-reviewed ·Updated July 13, 2026
The most abundant mineral in the body, critical for bone health, muscle contraction, nerve signaling, and blood clotting.
Exploratory record, not a reviewed medical publication.
See the editorial and medical-review policies for the publication gate.
This generated database record has not completed a claim-level review by a qualified human medical reviewer. Bibliography links and evidence labels are not approval. The page remains available for reference and is excluded from search indexing.
What the research says.
A quick, data-only summary. The full evidence, dosing, and sources are below.
Calcium is a mineral most often used for bone health, muscle function, nerve signaling. NutriStack rates the overall evidence as strong. A typical adult dose is 500–1,000 mg daily (split doses), commonly taken as calcium citrate (absorbed with or without food) over calcium carbonate. This profile indexes 17 sources.
The bottom line
Evidence rating strong. Most-documented uses: bone health, muscle function, nerve signaling. 17 sources indexed (2006–2025), with 0 interaction records on file.
How it works, mechanistically.
Core mechanism
99% stored in bones/teeth as hydroxyapatite crystals. Remaining 1% is essential for muscle contraction (triggers actin-myosin cross-bridge), nerve impulse transmission, hormone secretion, and blood coagulation cascade.
Dosing & protocol.
Split into 500mg doses; competes with iron, zinc, and magnesium. Always pair with K2 and D3.1,2
What it actually costs.
Real-world pricing across three quality tiers. Assumes Calcium Citrate.
Assumes about 500-600 mg elemental calcium/day. Carbonate is often cheaper on paper, but citrate is usually the better value when stomach acid or tolerance is an issue. Updated 2026-04-02.
The same dose, as food.
How much you'd eat to match a supplemental dose.
This is close to the amount best absorbed in a single sitting.
Supplements should generally cover only the gap left after food.
Full safety detail.
Sources, by evidence tier.
Numbered references. Citations throughout the page link here.
Meta-analyses & systematic reviews
13- 1Vitamin D and calcium supplementation in women undergoing pharmacological management for postmenopausal osteoporosis: a level I of evidence systematic reviewPMIDMigliorini F, Maffulli N, Colarossi G et al. · European journal of medical research · 2025
Migliorini F, Maffulli N, Colarossi G et al.. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation in women undergoing pharmacological management for postmenopausal osteoporosis: a level I of evidence systematic review. European journal of medical research. 2025
- 2Calcium Supplementation in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of Clinical StudiesPMIDGerede A, Papasozomenou P, Stavros S et al. · Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025
Gerede A, Papasozomenou P, Stavros S et al.. Calcium Supplementation in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania). 2025
- 3Effectiveness of calcium supplementation in the prevention of gestational hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trialsPMIDZhu Q, Yu Q, Liu M et al. · Pregnancy hypertension · 2024
Zhu Q, Yu Q, Liu M et al.. Effectiveness of calcium supplementation in the prevention of gestational hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Pregnancy hypertension. 2024
- 4Association Between Calcium Supplementation and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisPMIDSim MG, Teo YN, Teo YH et al. · Heart, lung & circulation · 2023
Sim MG, Teo YN, Teo YH et al.. Association Between Calcium Supplementation and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Heart, lung & circulation. 2023
- 5Calcium intake in vegan and vegetarian diets: A systematic review and Meta-analysisPMIDBickelmann FV, Leitzmann MF, Keller M et al. · Critical reviews in food science and nutrition · 2023
Bickelmann FV, Leitzmann MF, Keller M et al.. Calcium intake in vegan and vegetarian diets: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 2023
- 6Effects of combined calcium and vitamin D supplementation on osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsPMIDYao P et al. · Arch Osteoporos · 2020
Combined calcium and vitamin D significantly increased total BMD, lumbar spine BMD, and reduced hip fracture incidence
- 7Global dietary calcium intake among adults: a systematic reviewPMIDBalk EM, Adam GP, Langberg VN et al. · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2017
Balk EM, Adam GP, Langberg VN et al.. Global dietary calcium intake among adults: a systematic review. Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA. 2017
- 8A systematic review of behavioural interventions to increase maternal calcium intakePMIDJung ME, Stork MJ, Stapleton J et al. · Maternal & child nutrition · 2016
Jung ME, Stork MJ, Stapleton J et al.. A systematic review of behavioural interventions to increase maternal calcium intake. Maternal & child nutrition. 2016
- 9Calcium Intake and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysisPMIDChung M, Tang AM, Fu Z et al. · Annals of internal medicine · 2016
Chung M, Tang AM, Fu Z et al.. Calcium Intake and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Annals of internal medicine. 2016
- 10Calcium intake and bone mineral density: systematic review and meta-analysisPMIDTai V et al. · BMJ · 2015
Calcium supplements produce small non-progressive increases in BMD unlikely to lead to clinically significant fracture reduction
- 11Calcium intake and risk of fracture: systematic reviewSource linkedPMIDBolland MJ, Leung W, Tai V et al. · BMJ · 2015
- 12Calcium supplements with or without vitamin D and risk of cardiovascular events: reanalysis of the Women's Health Initiative limited access dataset and meta-analysisPMIDBolland MJ et al. · BMJ · 2011
Calcium with vitamin D increased risk of myocardial infarction (RR 1.21) and stroke (RR 1.20)
- 13Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysisPMIDBolland MJ et al. · BMJ · 2010
Calcium supplements without co-administered vitamin D associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction (RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.01-1.59)
Randomized controlled trials
1- 14Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of fracturesSource linkedPMIDJackson RD, LaCroix AZ, Gass M et al. · N Engl J Med · 2006
Reviews & position papers
2- 15Calcium Supplementation- Efficacy and SafetyPMIDNair R et al. · Endocr Pract · 2025
Review of efficacy and safety covering bone health, cardiovascular concerns, kidney stones and GI side effects of calcium supplementation
- 16Calcium supplementation and incident kidney stone risk: a systematic reviewPMIDCandelas G et al. · Osteoporos Int · 2012
Supplemental calcium may increase kidney stone risk while dietary calcium appears protective; supplementation in osteoporosis does not significantly increase nephrolithiasis
Reference material
1Common questions.
Quick answers about Calcium, drawn from the data on this page.
What is Calcium?
The most abundant mineral in the body, critical for bone health, muscle contraction, nerve signaling, and blood clotting.
What is Calcium used for?
Commonly cited benefits of Calcium include: Bone health; Muscle function; Nerve signaling; Blood clotting; Heart rhythm. NutriStack rates the overall evidence as strong.
What is a typical dose of Calcium?
A typical adult dose of Calcium is 500–1,000 mg daily (split doses). The commonly recommended form is Calcium citrate (absorbed with or without food) over calcium carbonate. These are general ranges, not personalized advice; confirm the right dose with a clinician.
What are the side effects of Calcium?
Reported side effects include constipation, kidney stones (without k2), arterial calcification (without k2). This is educational information; check with a healthcare professional before use.
How strong is the evidence for Calcium?
NutriStack rates this as Strong, meaning multiple high-quality meta-analyses or systematic reviews converge on the same finding. Full tier criteria are at https://nutristackapp.com/methodology/evidence-tiers.
Use this with your stack
Calcium in NutriStack.
Add it to your stack, see how it interacts with everything else you take, and get a Stack Score that updates the moment it does.