Enalapril
Prescription ·Exploratory record · not publication-reviewed ·Updated July 13, 2026
Enalapril is an ACE inhibitor prodrug with landmark evidence from the SOLVD trial demonstrating mortality reduction in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. It is widely used for hypertension, heart failure, and asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction.
Exploratory record, not a reviewed medical publication.
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This generated database record has not completed a claim-level review by a qualified human medical reviewer. Bibliography links and evidence labels are not approval. The page remains available for reference and is excluded from search indexing.
What the research says.
A quick, data-only summary. The full evidence, dosing, and sources are below.
Enalapril is an ACE inhibitor prodrug with landmark evidence from the SOLVD trial demonstrating mortality reduction in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. NutriStack rates the supporting evidence as strong. Common adult dosing is 2.5–40 mg daily in 1–2 divided doses (as prescribed by your physician), though a prescriber sets the actual dose. With long-term use it can deplete zinc. This profile indexes 10 sources.
- Dry cough
- Hyperkalemia
- Dizziness and hypotension
- History of angioedema with ACE inhibitors
- Pregnancy
The bottom line
Evidence rating strong. Most-documented uses: reduces mortality in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, lowers blood pressure effectively, prevents cardiac remodeling after mi. 10 sources indexed (1985–2023), with 0 interaction records on file.
How it works, mechanistically.
Core mechanism
Prodrug hydrolyzed in the liver to enalaprilat, the active ACE inhibitor. Enalaprilat inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme, blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. This reduces peripheral vascular resistance, aldosterone secretion, and cardiac remodeling. Also inhibits bradykinin degradation.2
Dosing & protocol.
Can be taken with or without food; prodrug requires hepatic conversion to active enalaprilat4
What it depletes.
Nutrients this medication can lower over time, and what to replace.
Zinc
MildACE inhibition has been associated with increased urinary zinc excretion and altered taste in some long-term users.
Full safety detail.
Side effects
- Dry cough
- Hyperkalemia
- Dizziness and hypotension
- Headache
- Angioedema (rare)
- Fatigue
- Renal impairment
Sources, by evidence tier.
Numbered references. Citations throughout the page link here.
Meta-analyses & systematic reviews
5- 1Comparison of Outcomes Between Sacubitril/Valsartan and Enalapril in Patients With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisPMIDReyaz I, Kaur A, Saad MZ et al. · Cureus · 2023
Reyaz I, Kaur A, Saad MZ et al.. Comparison of Outcomes Between Sacubitril/Valsartan and Enalapril in Patients With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus. 2023
- 2Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Enalapril and Enalaprilat in Pediatric Patients-A Systematic ReviewPMIDFaisal M, Cawello W, Laeer S et al. · Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021
Faisal M, Cawello W, Laeer S et al.. Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Enalapril and Enalaprilat in Pediatric Patients-A Systematic Review. Frontiers in pediatrics. 2021
- 3Protective Role of Enalapril in Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity: A Systematic ReviewPMIDZhang Y, Liu J, Li Y et al. · Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020
Zhang Y, Liu J, Li Y et al.. Protective Role of Enalapril in Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity: A Systematic Review. Frontiers in pharmacology. 2020
- 4Fixed-dose lercanidipine and enalapril in field practice: a meta-analysisPMIDRizzoni D · Current medical research and opinion · 2016
Rizzoni D. Fixed-dose lercanidipine and enalapril in field practice: a meta-analysis. Current medical research and opinion. 2016
- 5Enalapril versus losartan for adults with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysisPMIDHe YM, Feng L, Huo DM et al. · Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2013
He YM, Feng L, Huo DM et al.. Enalapril versus losartan for adults with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.). 2013
Reviews & position papers
1- 6Enalapril in hypertension and congestive heart failure. Overall review of efficacy and safetyPMIDMoncloa F, Sromovsky JA, Walker JF et al. · Drugs · 1985
Moncloa F, Sromovsky JA, Walker JF et al.. Enalapril in hypertension and congestive heart failure. Overall review of efficacy and safety. Drugs. 1985
Reference material
4- 7SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1991.Source linkedPMID
- 8CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1987.Source linkedPMID
- 9Popat A et al. Impact of antihypertensive treatment on cardiovascular event reduction in patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pan Afr Med J. 2025.Source linkedPMID
- 10Smeets NJL, Schreuder MF, Dalinghaus M et al.. Pharmacology of enalapril in children: a review. Drug discovery today. 2020Source linkedPMID
Common questions.
Quick answers about Enalapril, drawn from the data on this page.
What is Enalapril?
Enalapril is an ACE inhibitor prodrug with landmark evidence from the SOLVD trial demonstrating mortality reduction in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. It is widely used for hypertension, heart failure, and asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction.
What is Enalapril used for?
Commonly cited benefits of Enalapril include: Reduces mortality in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; Lowers blood pressure effectively; Prevents cardiac remodeling after MI; Available in IV form (enalaprilat) for hypertensive urgency. NutriStack rates the overall evidence as strong.
What is a typical dose of Enalapril?
A typical adult dose of Enalapril is 2.5–40 mg daily in 1–2 divided doses (as prescribed by your physician). The commonly recommended form is Oral tablet. These are general ranges, not personalized advice; confirm the right dose with a clinician.
What are the side effects of Enalapril?
Reported side effects include dry cough, hyperkalemia, dizziness and hypotension, headache, angioedema (rare), fatigue. This is educational information; check with a healthcare professional before use.
How strong is the evidence for Enalapril?
NutriStack rates this as Strong, meaning multiple high-quality meta-analyses or systematic reviews converge on the same finding. Full tier criteria are at https://nutristackapp.com/methodology/evidence-tiers.
Use this with your stack
Enalapril in NutriStack.
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