NSTK · 01.2026Independent supplement reference
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Edition 1.0Updated August 1, 2026

Supplement × Supplement·Evidence index

Beetroot Extract (Dietary Nitrate) and L-Citrulline: what the published research says

PubMed indexes 8 records that name Beetroot Extract (Dietary Nitrate) and L-Citrulline together, either in the title or in an interaction, co-administration, or pharmacokinetic context. Each one is listed below with its study design and, where the abstract states one, the authors’ own conclusion, quoted and linked. This page reports that literature. It does not tell you whether to combine them.

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An evidence index, not guidance.

Every statement below is attributed to a named, dated, linked source.

This page lists published research relevant to Beetroot Extract (Dietary Nitrate) and L-Citrulline. It deliberately does not state whether the combination is safe, whether it interacts, in which direction, at what dose, or how far apart to take them.

The research

8 studies naming Beetroot Extract (Dietary Nitrate) and L-Citrulline.

Strongest relevance first: papers naming both substances in the title, then human trials and systematic reviews.

Effects of Citrulline Malate and Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Energy Metabolism and Blood Flow During Submaximal Resistance Exercise.

Journal of dietary supplements · 2020 · PMID 31456449

Randomized Controlled Trial

“No other measurements were significantly affected by treatment (all p > 0.05). Results suggest that neither CitMal nor BEET significantly influence resting BP, blood flow, or metabolic efficiency during submaximal leg extension in recreationally active males.”

Trexler et al. · From the abstract

Names both Beetroot Extract (Dietary Nitrate) and L-Citrulline in its title.

Effects of Citrulline Malate and Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Blood Flow, Energy Metabolism, and Performance During Maximum Effort Leg Extension Exercise.

Journal of strength and conditioning research · 2019 · PMID 31343548

Randomized Controlled Trial

“No other variables were affected by treatment (all p > 0.05). While BEET increased NOx, neither treatment was found to enhance performance, blood flow, metabolic efficiency, nor the hormonal response to leg extension exercise.”

Trexler et al. · From the abstract

Names both Beetroot Extract (Dietary Nitrate) and L-Citrulline in its title.

Impact of microencapsulated watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and beetroot (Beta vulgaris L) on storage stability of l-citrulline and dietary nitrate.

Journal of food science and technology · 2021 · PMID 34629537

“Nitrate content in BP was stable over 32 days in all temperatures evaluated, while nitrate content in beetroot juice was reduced in day 2 at 25 °C and day 8 at 4 °C. In conclusion, L-citrulline of the microencapsulated watermelon rind and nitrate of the microencapsulated beetroot were stable throughout storage.”

Volino-Souza et al. · From the abstract

Names both Beetroot Extract (Dietary Nitrate) and L-Citrulline in its title.

Potential utility of full-spectrum antioxidant therapy, citrulline, and dietary nitrate in the management of sickle cell disease.

Medical hypotheses · 2010 · PMID 20089363

Human subjects

“Increased intakes of plant-derived nitrate have the potential to diminish the quenching of NO by plasma hemoglobin in sickle cell patients, while boosting systemic NO production independent of NO synthase activity. In addition to the well-documented utility of hydroxyurea - possibly a suboptimal strategy for life-long therapy owing to its mutagenic activity - rational pharmaceutical options for managing sickle cell disease include pentoxifylline and phosphodiesterase 5…”

McCarty · From the abstract

Names both Beetroot Extract (Dietary Nitrate) and L-Citrulline in its title.

Effect of food sources of nitrate, polyphenols, L-arginine and L-citrulline on endurance exercise performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2021 · PMID 34965876

Meta-AnalysisSystematic ReviewHuman subjects

“Foods rich in polyphenols and nitrate provide trivial benefits for endurance exercise performance, although these effects may be food dependent. Highly trained endurance athletes do not appear to benefit from consuming nitrate-rich foods but may benefit from polyphenol consumption. Further research into food sources, dosage and supplementation duration to optimise the ergogenic response to polyphenol consumption is warranted.”

d'Unienville et al. · Authors' conclusion

Names Beetroot Extract (Dietary Nitrate) and L-Citrulline together in an interaction, co-administration, or pharmacokinetic context.

No evidence of improvements in energy metabolism after 1 week of nitrate and citrulline co-supplementation in elite rowers.

European journal of applied physiology · 2025 · PMID 39382670

Randomized Controlled Trial

“After 1 week, no effects on energy metabolism and substrate utilization were observed after the daily co-ingestion of BR extract plus CIT supplement, therefore longer (> 7 days) and higher doses of supplementation might be needed to influence metabolism.”

Viribay et al. · Authors' conclusion

Names Beetroot Extract (Dietary Nitrate) and L-Citrulline together in an interaction, co-administration, or pharmacokinetic context.

Limitations

What this evidence cannot tell you.

Search-based evidence indexes have real limits, and it is worth being explicit about them:

NutriStack

Track what you actually take.

NutriStack is a free iPhone app for organising a supplement routine: what you take, when, and what the published record says about it. Its exploratory interaction checker covers Beetroot Extract (Dietary Nitrate), L-Citrulline, and several hundred other substances.

The checker is a research and organisation tool, not a clinical decision aid, and its per-pair assessments are excluded from search until they pass claim-level review.

NutriStack is an informational and organizational tool, not a medical service, and not a substitute for professional advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting, stopping, or changing any supplement or medication.