What is happening. MitoQ is a mitochondria-targeted ubiquinone derivative and Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone/ubiquinol) is the native molecule. They are pharmacologically overlapping redox antioxidants, so combining them is largely redundant rather than synergistic. Importantly, MitoQ is not a substitute for CoQ10's bioenergetic role: because of its lipophilic cation tail it does not effectively shuttle electrons in the respiratory chain, so it cannot replace CoQ10 in primary CoQ10 deficiency or statin-associated CoQ10 depletion.
Mechanism. Both are quinone/quinol redox couples; MitoQ's triphenylphosphonium moiety drives mitochondrial accumulation but impairs its ability to participate in respiratory-chain electron transfer, whereas native CoQ10 is an essential electron carrier in oxidative phosphorylation.
Recommendation. There is little reason to take both for the same goal. If the aim is supporting bulk electron transport or correcting low CoQ10 status (for example with statins), use conventional CoQ10/ubiquinol. Reserve MitoQ for targeted mitochondrial antioxidant goals and do not assume it covers CoQ10's functions.