What is happening. Ginkgo biloba has been reported to modestly induce CYP2C19 in some pharmacokinetic studies, and CYP2C19 is a major pathway for voriconazole metabolism (with large genetic variability among individuals). Concurrent ginkgo could lower voriconazole concentrations in some patients, contributing to subtherapeutic antifungal exposure. Ginkgo also has antiplatelet activity, which is a separate consideration in patients who may be thrombocytopenic from infection or chemotherapy.
Mechanism. Ginkgo constituents may induce CYP2C19, increasing voriconazole metabolism and lowering plasma levels; ginkgo's antiplatelet flavonoid and terpene lactone activity is an independent bleeding-risk concern.
Recommendation. Avoid ginkgo biloba during voriconazole therapy unless your prescriber approves it. If it cannot be avoided, ensure voriconazole trough levels are monitored, since reduced concentrations risk antifungal failure. Report any unusual bruising or bleeding.