NSTK · 01.2026Independent supplement reference
NutriStack
Edition 1.0Updated August 1, 2026

Supplement × Supplement·Evidence index

Vitamin E and Vitamin K1: what the published research says

PubMed indexes 8 records that name Vitamin E and Vitamin K1 together, either in the title or in an interaction, co-administration, or pharmacokinetic context. Each one is listed below with its study design and, where the abstract states one, the authors’ own conclusion, quoted and linked. This page reports that literature. It does not tell you whether to combine them.

Read this first

An evidence index, not guidance.

Every statement below is attributed to a named, dated, linked source.

This page lists published research relevant to Vitamin E and Vitamin K1. It deliberately does not state whether the combination is safe, whether it interacts, in which direction, at what dose, or how far apart to take them.

The research

8 studies naming Vitamin E and Vitamin K1.

Strongest relevance first: papers naming both substances in the title, then human trials and systematic reviews.

Vitamin E decreases extra-hepatic menaquinone-4 concentrations in rats fed menadione or phylloquinone.

Molecular nutrition & food research · 2012 · PMID 22707266

Comparative StudyResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Animal study

“Thus, in rats, high tissue α-T depleted tissue MK-4 without significantly increasing urinary vitamin K metabolite excretion. Changes in tissue MK-4 and PK levels may be a result of altered regulation of transporters.”

Farley et al. · Authors' conclusion

Names both Vitamin E and Vitamin K1 in its title.

Tocopherol and phylloquinone biosynthesis in chloroplasts requires the phytol kinase VITAMIN E PATHWAY GENE5 (VTE5) and the farnesol kinase (FOLK).

The Plant cell · 2024 · PMID 38124486

“Tocotrienol and menaquinone-4 were produced in vte5-2 folk plants after supplementation with homogentisate or 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, respectively, indicating that their synthesis is independent of the VTE5/FOLK pathway. These results show that phytyl moieties for tocopherol synthesis are completely but, for phylloquinone production, only partially derived from geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll and phytol phosphorylation by VTE5 and FOLK.”

Romer et al. · From the abstract

Names both Vitamin E and Vitamin K1 in its title.

Alpha-tocopherol and phylloquinone as non-competitive inhibitors of retinyl ester hydrolysis.

The Biochemical journal · 1984 · PMID 6497842

Animal study

“Consequently, increasing tissue concentrations of retinyl esters, which might occur with advancing age or changes in diet, would not diminish the effects of the inhibitors. These data further support the notion that alpha-tocopherol may, at physiological concentrations, influence the concentration of vitamin A and its ester in tissues.”

Napoli et al. · From the abstract

Names both Vitamin E and Vitamin K1 in its title.

Fat-Soluble Vitamin Supplementation Using Liposomes, Cyclodextrins, or Medium-Chain Triglycerides in Cystic Fibrosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Nutrients · 2021 · PMID 34960106

Multicenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial

“-0.34 µg/mL (-1.71-2.15), p = 0.010). Liposomes may augment the bioavailability of vitamin A and cyclodextrins may strengthen the supplementation of vitamins D3 and E relative to MCT in pancreatic-insufficient CF but further studies are required to assess liposomal vitamin E (German Clinical Trial Register number DRKS00014295, funded from EU and Norsa Pharma).”

Nowak et al. · From the abstract

Names Vitamin E and Vitamin K1 together in an interaction, co-administration, or pharmacokinetic context.

Deuterium-labeled phylloquinone fed to α-tocopherol-injected rats demonstrates sensitivity of low phylloquinone-containing tissues to menaquinone-4 depletion.

Molecular nutrition & food research · 2014 · PMID 25044667

Comparative StudyResearch Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralAnimal study

“We propose that α-T-dependent vitamin K depletion is likely mediated at an intermediate step in MK-4 production; thus, tissues with high PK are unaffected.”

Farley et al. · Authors' conclusion

Names Vitamin E and Vitamin K1 together in an interaction, co-administration, or pharmacokinetic context.

Limitations

What this evidence cannot tell you.

Search-based evidence indexes have real limits, and it is worth being explicit about them:

NutriStack

Track what you actually take.

NutriStack is a free iPhone app for organising a supplement routine: what you take, when, and what the published record says about it. Its exploratory interaction checker covers Vitamin E, Vitamin K1, and several hundred other substances.

The checker is a research and organisation tool, not a clinical decision aid, and its per-pair assessments are excluded from search until they pass claim-level review.

NutriStack is an informational and organizational tool, not a medical service, and not a substitute for professional advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting, stopping, or changing any supplement or medication.