NSTK · 01.2026Independent supplement reference
NutriStack
Edition 1.0Updated August 1, 2026

Supplement × Supplement·Evidence index

Vitamin E and Vitamin K2 MK-4: what the published research says

PubMed indexes 6 records that name Vitamin E and Vitamin K2 MK-4 together, either in the title or in an interaction, co-administration, or pharmacokinetic context. Each one is listed below with its study design and, where the abstract states one, the authors’ own conclusion, quoted and linked. This page reports that literature. It does not tell you whether to combine them.

Read this first

An evidence index, not guidance.

Every statement below is attributed to a named, dated, linked source.

This page lists published research relevant to Vitamin E and Vitamin K2 MK-4. It deliberately does not state whether the combination is safe, whether it interacts, in which direction, at what dose, or how far apart to take them.

The research

6 studies naming Vitamin E and Vitamin K2 MK-4.

Strongest relevance first: papers naming both substances in the title, then human trials and systematic reviews.

Vitamin E decreases extra-hepatic menaquinone-4 concentrations in rats fed menadione or phylloquinone.

Molecular nutrition & food research · 2012 · PMID 22707266

Comparative StudyResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Animal study

“Thus, in rats, high tissue α-T depleted tissue MK-4 without significantly increasing urinary vitamin K metabolite excretion. Changes in tissue MK-4 and PK levels may be a result of altered regulation of transporters.”

Farley et al. · Authors' conclusion

Names both Vitamin E and Vitamin K2 MK-4 in its title.

Supplementation of rats with a lutein mixture preserved with vitamin E reduces tissue phylloquinone and menaquinone-4.

International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition · 2001 · PMID 11276919

Animal study

“The results suggest that the lutein supplement affected the absorption, tissue uptake and/or turnover rate of vitamin K. The presence of other components in the supplement confounded the interpretation of the biological effects of lutein alone on vitamin K metabolism.”

Mitchell et al. · From the abstract

Names both Vitamin E and Vitamin K2 MK-4 in its title.

Deuterium-labeled phylloquinone fed to α-tocopherol-injected rats demonstrates sensitivity of low phylloquinone-containing tissues to menaquinone-4 depletion.

Molecular nutrition & food research · 2014 · PMID 25044667

Comparative StudyResearch Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralAnimal study

“We propose that α-T-dependent vitamin K depletion is likely mediated at an intermediate step in MK-4 production; thus, tissues with high PK are unaffected.”

Farley et al. · Authors' conclusion

Names Vitamin E and Vitamin K2 MK-4 together in an interaction, co-administration, or pharmacokinetic context.

Menaquinone-4 in breast milk is derived from dietary phylloquinone.

The British journal of nutrition · 2002 · PMID 12064330

Clinical TrialRandomized Controlled Trial

“In conclusion, dietary phylloquinone is a source of menaquinone-4 in breast milk. Phylloquinone supplementation to lactating mothers may be of benefit to the newborn infant, since both phylloquinone and menaquinone-4 are raised by supplementation.”

Thijssen et al. · From the abstract

Names Vitamin E and Vitamin K2 MK-4 together in an interaction, co-administration, or pharmacokinetic context.

Limitations

What this evidence cannot tell you.

Search-based evidence indexes have real limits, and it is worth being explicit about them:

NutriStack

Track what you actually take.

NutriStack is a free iPhone app for organising a supplement routine: what you take, when, and what the published record says about it. Its exploratory interaction checker covers Vitamin E, Vitamin K2 MK-4, and several hundred other substances.

The checker is a research and organisation tool, not a clinical decision aid, and its per-pair assessments are excluded from search until they pass claim-level review.

NutriStack is an informational and organizational tool, not a medical service, and not a substitute for professional advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting, stopping, or changing any supplement or medication.